Lab: Multi-Tenancy / MSP Deployment

Build a multi-tenant MSP environment — create tenants via wizard and recipe, configure resource quotas and networking, verify isolation, and review audit logs and usage reports.

Objective

Build a multi-tenant Managed Service Provider (MSP) environment on VergeOS. You will create tenants using both the Tenant Wizard and Tenant Recipes, configure resource quotas, set up tenant networking (including Layer 2 pass-through), verify isolation between tenants, and review host-level audit logs and usage reports.

Prerequisites

• Completed all prior modules (1–9)
• Access to a running VergeOS environment with at least 2 nodes
• Admin-level access to the host VergeOS system
• At least 2 available external IP addresses (Virtual IPs) for tenant UI access
• At least 32 GB RAM and 8 cores available for tenant allocation
• Familiarity with VergeOS networking concepts (internal networks, external networks, VLANs)

Difficulty

Intermediate — Requires understanding of VergeOS tenancy, networking, and resource management

Estimated Time

1.5 hours

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Background: VergeOS Multi-Tenancy Architecture

Before starting the lab, review how VergeOS implements multi-tenancy:

Key principles:

• Each tenant is a complete Virtual Data Center (VDC) with its own UI, networks, storage, and user management
• Isolation is enforced through full network encapsulation and exclusive storage volumes — not VLAN-based segmentation
• Nested multi-tenancy allows tenants to create sub-tenants from their own allocated resources
• Resource tracking provides per-tenant usage statistics including deduplication metrics for billing and capacity planning
• Tenant recipes automate deployment of standardized tenant configurations for rapid onboarding

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Steps

Part 1: Create a Tenant via the Wizard

Use the built-in Tenant Wizard to manually create your first tenant.

1. Navigate to Tenants:

   • From the host VergeOS UI, click Tenants in the top menu
   • Click + New Tenant
   • At the top left, select From Wizard and click Next
2. Configure Tenant Settings:

   • Name: Enter MSP-Tenant-A
   • Admin User Password: Set a strong password (minimum 8 characters) — record this for later use
   • Require Password Change: Leave unchecked for lab purposes
   • Description: Enter Lab tenant created via wizard
   • Expose System Snapshots: Leave checked (allows tenant to browse host snapshots)
   • Theme access: Select Cannot create new themes, read-only access to all host themes
   • Click Submit to proceed to the Node configuration
3. Configure Tenant Node:

   • Cores: Select 4 cores
   • RAM: Select 8192 MB (8 GB)
   • Cluster: Leave at --Default--
   • On Power Loss: Select Last State
   • Click Submit to proceed to Storage configuration
4. Configure Tenant Storage:

   • Tier: Select your primary storage tier (typically Tier 1)
   • Provisioned: Enter 100 GB
   • Click Submit to proceed to UI Management
5. Assign External IP:

   • From the Assign External IP dropdown, select an available Virtual IP
   • If no Virtual IPs are available, click Create a new External IP:

     • Network: Select your external network
     • Type: Virtual IP
     • IP Address: Enter an available IP or leave blank for auto-assignment
     • Owner: Select MSP-Tenant-A
   • Click Submit to finish
6. Apply network rules and power on:

   • On the tenant dashboard, click the orange Needs Apply Rules message to apply firewall rules
   • Click Power On from the left menu to start the tenant
   • Wait for the tenant to boot — the dashboard should show a running status
7. Verify tenant access:

   • Click Connect to UI from the tenant dashboard left menu
   • Log in with admin and the password you configured
   • Verify the tenant has its own independent dashboard, networking, and storage views

Part 2: Create a Tenant via Recipe

Use a Tenant Recipe for automated, standardized deployment.

1. Explore available tenant recipes:

   • From the host UI, navigate to Repositories > Tenant Recipes
   • Browse the available catalogs — note the recipes and their descriptions
   • If no tenant recipes exist, you will create one from MSP-Tenant-A
2. Create a tenant recipe (if needed):

   • First, power off MSP-Tenant-A (it must be stopped to serve as a recipe base)
   • Navigate to Repositories > Tenant Recipes and click New
   • Configure the recipe:

     • Name: MSP-Standard-Tenant
     • Description: Standard MSP tenant with 4 cores, 8 GB RAM, 100 GB storage
     • Catalog: Select or create a catalog (e.g., MSP Templates)
     • Tenant: Select MSP-Tenant-A
   • Click Submit
3. Review and customize recipe questions:

   • On the tenant recipe dashboard, click Questions
   • Review the automatically generated system questions — note the sections:

     • Tenant section: Name, URL, admin credentials, theme access
     • Nodes section: Core count, RAM allocation
     • Network section: External IP addresses
   • Enable any disabled questions you want to expose (e.g., YB_USER_EMAIL)
   • Click Publish to make the recipe available
4. Deploy a tenant from the recipe:

   • Navigate to Tenants > + New Tenant
   • Select the MSP Templates catalog on the left
   • Choose the MSP-Standard-Tenant recipe and click Next
   • Fill in the recipe questions:

     • Name: MSP-Tenant-B
     • Admin Password: Set a password
     • Node 1 Cores: 4
     • Node 1 RAM: 8192
     • Assign an external IP address
   • Click Submit to create the tenant
   • Power on MSP-Tenant-B and verify it starts successfully
5. Compare the two creation methods:

   Aspect	Wizard	Recipe
   Speed	5–10 minutes manual configuration	1–2 minutes with pre-filled defaults
   Consistency	Depends on operator accuracy	Guaranteed identical base configuration
   Customization	Full flexibility at creation time	Controlled via recipe questions
   Best for	One-off or unique tenants	Standardized, repeatable deployments
   Includes VMs/networks	Only base tenant infrastructure	Can include pre-configured VMs, networks

Part 3: Configure Resource Quotas

Practice managing tenant resource allocation from the host.

1. Review current resource allocation:

   • From the host dashboard, navigate to Tenants
   • Click on MSP-Tenant-A to open its dashboard
   • Note the allocated resources: cores, RAM, and storage provisioned
   • Scroll down to the Storage section and observe the tier allocation
2. Modify tenant resources:

   • With MSP-Tenant-A selected, click Nodes on the left menu
   • Double-click the tenant node, then click Edit
   • Increase Cores to 6 and RAM to 12288 MB (12 GB)
   • Click Submit
   • Note: Tenant node cores and RAM are hot-pluggable — the changes take effect immediately, without restarting the tenant or its workloads. The system validates that the requested resources are available on the host/cluster when you submit.
3. Add storage to a tenant:

   • From the MSP-Tenant-A dashboard, click Add Storage on the left menu
   • If a second tier is available, provision 50 GB on a different tier
   • Otherwise, edit the existing tier and increase the provisioned amount to 150 GB
   • Note: Storage quotas in VergeOS are soft limits — the system logs alerts when a tenant approaches its provisioned threshold, but does not hard-block writes at the exact boundary
   • Verify the storage change is reflected in the tenant dashboard
4. Understand resource boundaries:

   • Note that the host system allows over-provisioning of resources — you can allocate more cores and RAM to tenants than physically available
   • However, all provisioned resources must be physically available to power on a tenant node
   • Document the total resources allocated across both tenants vs. the host's total available resources

Part 4: Set Up Tenant Networking

Configure advanced networking including Layer 2 pass-through.

1. Review default tenant networking:

   • Log into MSP-Tenant-A's UI
   • Navigate to Networks — observe the automatically created networks:

     • An Internal Network for tenant workloads
     • An External Network providing connectivity to the host
   • Note how the tenant's network stack is fully encapsulated and independent
2. Configure a Layer 2 network pass-through:

   • Return to the host VergeOS UI
   • Navigate to Tenants > select MSP-Tenant-A > Layer2 Networks > New
   • Configure the Layer 2 pass-through:

     • Physical Network: Select the physical network containing the VLAN to pass through
     • VLAN ID: Enter the VLAN tag to pass to the tenant
     • Enabled: Set to Yes
   • Click Submit
   • VergeOS automatically creates corresponding External and Physical networks inside the tenant
3. Verify Layer 2 connectivity inside the tenant:

   • Log into MSP-Tenant-A's UI
   • Navigate to Networks — confirm the new External and Physical networks were created automatically
   • Create a test VM inside the tenant and attach its NIC to the passed-through network
   • Verify the VM can obtain an IP address from the VLAN (if DHCP is available) or configure a static IP and test connectivity
4. Document the networking architecture:

   Network Type	Purpose	Managed By
   Internal Network	Tenant workload communication (fully encapsulated)	Tenant
   Tenant External Network	Connectivity from tenant to host	Tenant
   Host External / Virtual IP	Connectivity to outside world	Host
   Layer 2 Pass-through	Direct VLAN access from physical infrastructure	Host + Auto

Part 5: Verify Tenant Isolation

Confirm that tenants are truly isolated from each other.

1. Test network isolation:

   • Log into MSP-Tenant-A and create a simple VM (e.g., a lightweight Linux VM)
   • Assign it an internal IP address (e.g., 10.0.0.10/24)
   • Log into MSP-Tenant-B and create a similar VM
   • Assign it the same internal IP address (10.0.0.10/24)
   • Verify that both VMs boot without conflict — because each tenant has a completely encapsulated network, identical IP addressing is allowed
   • From Tenant A's VM, attempt to ping Tenant B's external IP — traffic should be blocked by default (no cross-tenant routing exists)
2. Verify storage isolation:

   • From the host dashboard, review each tenant's storage allocation
   • Confirm that each tenant has its own dedicated storage volume
   • Verify that Tenant A cannot see or access Tenant B's storage
   • Log into each tenant and verify the storage dashboards show only their own provisioned capacity
3. Test administrative isolation:

   • Log into MSP-Tenant-A as admin — verify you cannot see MSP-Tenant-B in any menu
   • Log into MSP-Tenant-B as admin — verify you cannot see MSP-Tenant-A
   • From the host, verify you can see and manage both tenants
   • Document the three-layer isolation model:

     • Network: Full Layer 2/3 encapsulation — no shared broadcast domains
     • Storage: Exclusive storage volumes per tenant
     • Administrative: Independent user management and UI per tenant
4. Test quota enforcement:

   • In MSP-Tenant-A, attempt to create a VM that exceeds the provisioned resources (e.g., request more RAM than allocated)
   • Observe how VergeOS enforces resource boundaries — the VM should fail to power on if resources are insufficient
   • Document the error message and behavior

Part 6: Review Audit Logs and Usage Reports

Use host-level monitoring to track tenant activity.

1. Review host audit logs:

   • From the host dashboard, navigate to System > Logs
   • Filter for tenant-related events — look for:

     • Tenant creation events
     • Tenant power on/off events
     • Resource modification events
   • Note the timestamps, users, and actions recorded
   • Verify that administrative actions performed within a tenant (e.g., VM creation) are visible at the host level
2. Generate tenant usage reports:

   • Navigate to Tenants and select a tenant
   • Click Usage Reports (or navigate to the reporting section)
   • Review the available metrics:

     • CPU utilization over time
     • RAM consumption
     • Storage utilization and deduplication statistics
     • Network throughput
   • Compare usage between MSP-Tenant-A and MSP-Tenant-B
   • Consider how these reports would support billing in a real MSP environment
3. Monitor tenant health from the host:

   • From the host dashboard, review the tenant status indicators
   • Check each tenant's node health, storage health, and network status
   • Navigate to Tenants > Monitoring to see aggregate tenant health
   • Document which metrics are most important for MSP operations

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Cleanup

When finished with the lab:

1. Power off all VMs inside each tenant
2. Power off both tenants (MSP-Tenant-A and MSP-Tenant-B)
3. Remove the Layer 2 network pass-through from the host
4. Delete both tenants from the host (Tenants > select tenant > Delete)
5. Remove the tenant recipe if created (Repositories > Tenant Recipes > delete)
6. Release any Virtual IPs that were assigned to the tenants
7. Apply rules on the external network to clean up firewall entries

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Verification

Your Multi-Tenancy / MSP lab is complete when you can answer yes to all of the following:

• Successfully created a tenant using the Tenant Wizard (MSP-Tenant-A)
• Successfully created or deployed a tenant using a Tenant Recipe (MSP-Tenant-B)
• Configured and modified resource quotas (cores, RAM, storage) for a tenant
• Set up a Layer 2 network pass-through to a tenant and verified connectivity
• Verified network isolation — identical IPs in different tenants coexist without conflict
• Verified storage isolation — tenants cannot access each other's storage volumes
• Verified administrative isolation — tenants cannot see each other's resources
• Tested resource quota enforcement — VMs fail to power on when exceeding allocation
• Reviewed host audit logs for tenant-related events
• Generated and reviewed tenant usage reports for billing metrics
• Cleaned up all lab resources (tenants, recipes, Virtual IPs, Layer 2 networks)